Preheat Oven:
Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Prepare the Nut Filling:
In a medium bowl, combine chopped nuts, cinnamon, and cloves. Set aside.
Layer the Phyllo Dough:
Unroll phyllo dough and cover with a damp towel to prevent drying. Place one sheet in the baking dish and brush lightly with melted butter. Repeat layering 6–8 sheets, brushing each with butter.
Add Nut Filling:
Evenly sprinkle about 1/3 of the nut mixture over the layered phyllo. Repeat layering 4–6 sheets of phyllo with butter, then add another 1/3 of the nuts. Repeat until all nuts are used, ending with a top layer of 6–8 buttered phyllo sheets.
Cut Before Baking:
Using a sharp knife, cut the baklava into diamond or square shapes.
Bake:
Bake for 45–50 minutes, until the top is golden brown and crisp.
Prepare Syrup:
While baking, combine sugar, honey, water, lemon juice, and optional orange zest in a small saucepan. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 10 minutes. Remove from heat and stir in vanilla.
Pour Syrup Over Baklava:
Remove baklava from oven and immediately pour the warm syrup evenly over the hot baklava. Allow to cool completely and absorb the syrup for several hours or overnight before serving.